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Before we study the basic building blocks of the C programming language, let us look at a bare minimum C program structure so that we can take it as a reference in the upcoming chapters.

Hello World Example

A C program basically consists of the following parts −
  • Preprocessor Commands
  • Functions
  • Variables
  • Statements & Expressions
  • Comments
Let us look at a simple code that would print the words "Hello World" −
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
   /* my first program in C */
   printf("Hello, World! \n");
   
   return 0;
}
Let us take a look at the various parts of the above program −
  • The first line of the program #include <stdio.h> is a preprocessor command, which tells a C compiler to include stdio.h file before going to actual compilation.
  • The next line int main() is the main function where the program execution begins.
  • The next line /*...*/ will be ignored by the compiler and it has been put to add additional comments in the program. So such lines are called comments in the program.
  • The next line printf(...) is another function available in C which causes the message "Hello, World!" to be displayed on the screen.
  • The next line return 0; terminates the main() function and returns the value 0.

Compile and Execute C Program

Let us see how to save the source code in a file, and how to compile and run it. Following are the simple steps −
  • Open a text editor and add the above-mentioned code.
  • Save the file as hello.c
  • Open a command prompt and go to the directory where you have saved the file.
  • Type gcc hello.c and press enter to compile your code.
  • If there are no errors in your code, the command prompt will take you to the next line and would generate a.out executable file.
  • Now, type a.out to execute your program.
  • You will see the output "Hello World" printed on the screen.
$ gcc hello.c
$ ./a.out
Hello, World!
Make sure the gcc compiler is in your path and that you are running it in the directory containing the source file hello.c.

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