Skip to main content
This chapter provides an overview of the key pieces of Bootstrap's infrastructure, including Bootstrap's approach to better, faster, stronger web development.

HTML5 doctype

Bootstrap makes use of certain HTML elements and CSS properties that require the use of the HTML5 doctype. Hence include the below piece of code for HTML5 doctype at the beginning of all your projects using Bootstrap.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
   ....
</html>

Mobile First

Since Bootstrap 3 has been launched, Bootstrap has become mobile first. It means 'mobile first' styles can be found throughout the entire library instead of them in separate files. You need to add the viewport meta tag to the <head> element, to ensure proper rendering and touch zooming on mobile devices.
<meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width, initial-scale = 1.0">
  • width property controls the width of the device. Setting it to device-width will make sure that it is rendered across various devices (mobiles, desktops, tablets...) properly.
  • initial-scale = 1.0 ensures that when loaded, your web page will be rendered at a 1:1 scale, and no zooming will be applied out of the box.
Add user-scalable = no to the content attribute to disable zooming capabilities on mobile devices as shown below. Users are only able to scroll and not zoom with this change, and results in your site feeling a bit more like a native application.
<meta name = "viewport" content = "width = device-width, initial-scale = 1.0, maximum-scale = 1.0, user-scalable = no">
Normally maximum-scale = 1.0 is used along with user-scalable = no. As mentioned above user-scalable = no may give users an experience more like a native app, hence Bootstrap doesn't recommend using this attribute.

Responsive Images

Bootstrap 3 allows you to make the images responsive by adding a class .img-responsive to the <img> tag. This class applies max-width: 100%; and height: auto; to the image so that it scales nicely to the parent element.
<img src = "..." class = "img-responsive" alt = "Responsive image">

Typography and Links

Bootstrap sets a basic global display (background), typography, and link styles −
  • Basic Global display − Sets background-color: #fff; on the <body> element.
  • Typography − Uses the @font-family-base, @font-size-base, and @line-height-base attributes as the typographic base.
  • Link styles − Sets the global link color via attribute @link-color and apply link underlines only on :hover.
If you intend to use LESS code, you may find all these within scaffolding.less.

Normalize

Bootstrap uses Normalize to establish cross browser consistency.
Normalize.css is a modern, HTML5-ready alternative to CSS resets. It is a small CSS file that provides better cross-browser consistency in the default styling of HTML elements.

Containers

Use class .container to wrap a page's content and easily center the content's as shown below.
<div class = "container">
   ...
</div>
Take a look at the .container class in bootstrap.css file −
.container {
   padding-right: 15px;
   padding-left: 15px;
   margin-right: auto;
   margin-left: auto;
}
Note that, due to padding and fixed widths, containers are not nestable by default.
Take a look at bootstrap.css file −
@media (min-width: 768px) {
   .container {
      width: 750px;
   }
}
Here you can see that CSS has media-queries for containers with width. This helps for applying responsiveness and within those the container class is modified accordingly to render the grid system properly.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

The Windows Firewall with Advanced Security is a firewall that runs on the Windows Server 2012 and is turned on by default. The Firewall settings within Windows Server 2012 are managed from within the  Windows Firewall Microsoft Management Console . To set Firewall settings perform the following steps − Step 1  − Click on the Server Manager from the task bar → Click the Tools menu and select Windows Firewall with Advanced Security. Step 2  − To see the current configuration settings by selecting  Windows Firewall Properties  from the MMC. This  allows access to modify the settings  for each of the three firewall profiles, which are –  Domain, Private and Public  and IPsec settings. Step 3  − Applying custom rules, which will include the following two steps − Select either  Inbound Rules  or  Outbound Rules  under  Windows Firewall with Advanced Security  on the left side of the management console...
Post a Comment
Read more
The IIS ( Internet Information Services ) is facing internet all the time. So, it is important to follow some rules in order to minimize the risk of being hacked or having any other security issues. The first rule is to take all the updates of the system regularly. The second one is to create different application polls to this, which can be done by following the steps shown below. Step 1  − You have to go to: Server Manager → Internet Information Services(IIS) Manager → Application Pulls. Step 2  − Click “Sites” → Right Click “Default Website” → Manage Website → Advance Settings. Step 3  − Select the Default Pools. Step 4  − Disable the OPTIONS method, this can be done by following the path – Server Manager → Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager → Request Filtering. Step 5  − In the action pane, select "Deny Verb" → Insert ‘OPTIONS’ in the Verb → OK. Step 6  − Enable Dynamic IP Restrictions blocks by going to – IIS Manager → Double...
Post a Comment
Read more
In this chapter, we will see how to configure WSUS and tune it. The following steps should be followed for configuring it. Step 1  − When you open it for the first time, you should do it by going to “Server Manager” → Tools → Windows Server Update Services, then a Configuration wizard will be opened and then click → Next. Step 2  − Click “Start Connecting” → Wait until the green bar is full and then → Next. Step 3  − Check the box for which the updates want to be taken, I did for English and then → Next. Step 4  − Check the box for all the products which you want to update. It is just for Microsoft products and it is recommended to include all the products related to Microsoft and then → Next. Step 5  − Choose the classification updated to be downloaded, if you have a very good internet speed, then check all the boxes, otherwise just check “Critical Updates”. Step 6  − Now we should schedule the updates which I will recommend to do it a...
Post a Comment
Read more